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Pre-1.0 the creator streams in one instance and screen-captures it from another. Nothing prevented a second instance - there is no single-instance mutex and no port anywhere. What broke it was SHARED STATE, and two of the collisions were hard failures rather than annoyances: - the layout DB. The model is read-whole-scene / write-whole-scene, so two instances saving different layouts clobber each other. - the WebView2 user data folder. Chromium takes an exclusive lock on it, so the second instance of the same exe does not start at all. - the auth token store. A test instance would overwrite the real YouTube sign-in with its own. - startup.log, where two appenders interleave and a crash in either instance becomes ambiguous. Set YTLIVE_INSTANCE=<id> and the process gets a private root at %APPDATA%\ytLlive\instances/<id>/ for those four. Recording folder and the ffmpeg tools cache stay shared on purpose - the cache should be shared, and the creator picks the record folder. Global hotkeys stay un-namespaced: if both instances register the same one, Windows refusing the second is the correct answer. An id that is not letters/digits/dash/underscore is rejected and degrades to the primary profile, so the variable can never walk out of the profile directory or name a UNC path. The entire implementation is inside #if DEBUG. A Release build compiles to DataRoot => DefaultRoot and WebViewDataFolder => null, and the call sites are unconditional so Release cannot drift by forgetting an #if. The harness lives with the tests: InstanceIsolationTests covers the two-identities contract, the primary-instance no-op, per-instance WebView folders, path-traversal rejection, that the real output paths actually move with the profile, and a source-level assertion that the #else arm IS production behaviour. Verified against a real Release build: the InstanceVariable field is absent from its metadata and no "instances" path segment survives, while DataRoot and WebViewDataFolder are present in both configurations. Grepping for YTLIVE_INSTANCE proves nothing - a const is inlined at compile time and appears in neither build, which cost one wasted verification round. Docs for this unit (the InstanceProfile paragraph in ai.md, the 1.0 gate in TASKS.md, and the MyMistakes/HANDOFF entries) landed in the previous commit, because they share those files with the branding-credit work.